![]() Rutile also forms epitactic growths with hematite, especially in alpine type veins. V-shaped twins - also known as elbow twins - are very abundant at some localities and even cyclic sixlings or eightlings are known. Nb-rich rutile is also known as niobian rutile or ilmenorutile, Ta-rich rutile is known as strüverite. Iron rich variety is black and sometimes known as nigrine. Rutile can accomodate significant amount of other elements, especially Fe, Nb and Ta. Sagenite is often present inside the crystals of clear or smoky quartz, such specimens are known as rutilated quartz. The needle-like yellow variety of rutile is called sagenite, it is usually incorporated in other minerals. Furthermore, rutile has the highest molecular density among the four, so that in the deep mantle, high-pressure environment where titanium occurs, rutile is the primary mineral expression of it. ![]() Rutile has the lowest free energy among the polymorphs, such that the transition from one of the other polymorphs to rutile is not reversible. Rutile is one of the TiO 2 polymorphs, others include: anatase (tetragonal), brookite (orthorhombic) and akaogiite (monoclinic). Rutile is brittle, and tends to fracture along flat surfaces. In igneous rocks, rutile can be granular or massive. ![]() Prisms may be striated vertically or furrowed. Rutile is ordinarily prismatic, with distinct cleavage. Rutile is a member of the tetragonal crystal system, it is a simple titanium dioxide TiO 2. The artificial product has an adamantine luster, is transparent and nearly colorless, looks diamond-like, and was marketed as a diamond substitute under the name Titania (an old historic name), but is actually unsatisfactory for jewelry use because it is too easily scratched. Rutile is also important source of titanium and has various industrial applications.Ĭhemists succeeded in creating synthetic rutile in 1948, to no real effect. ![]() It is quite widespread accessory mineral in many rocks but nice crystals are much less common. Rutile is a mineral of many forms and colors. ![]()
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